I'm not sure what you mean by "clinical term" here. If what I've written below here doesn't speak to it, maybe you can help me understand what you're after?

To your final query, the English term "providence" has become a bit too narrow in modern usage, as it seems (in my experience) to suggest care and/or giving ("providing") needed goods, without necessarily the epistemic sense that is integral to both the Greek pronoia, and to the earlier Latin use of providentia. Both terms are formed in a parallel way: the same prefix pro-, and then just as the latter half of pronoia comes from nous, "intellect," so the latter half of providentia comes from videre meaning "to know." The English word formed on the exact pattern of these would be "forethought," which captures the epistemic side but misses the care and activity that's necessary connected with, and flows from, it.

As I understand the antique Platonists, it's the epistemic side ("Nous") that is central, and which inevitably, as it were, overflows into the Gods' activity of care for us and for the cosmos. So, reading both of the English words: "providence" in its narrow modern extent, together with "forethought", might get us somewhat close.